Michigan Payroll Tax Guide (2026)
Michigan runs a single 4.25% withholding rate, so the state layer is simple, but the local layer is not: Detroit alone takes 2.4% from residents and 1.2% from non-residents, and employers must track where each worker lives and where the work is actually performed.[5]
Michigan payroll at a glance
Michigan employers handle three payroll tax layers: a flat 4.25% state income tax withheld from employees, employer paid unemployment insurance on the first $9,000 of wages, and city income tax withholding in more than twenty municipalities.[5]
What changed for Michigan payroll in 2026
Six items moved for Michigan employers this year. Anything below is what have changed since the 2025 tables, so a rate card carried over from last year will be wrong in at least one place.
2026 Michigan payroll tax calculator
Enter one employee’s annual gross wages to see what the employer owes, what comes out of the paycheque, and the true cost of employment.
Employer pays
Withheld from the employee
State income tax withholding is not included above: it depends on the employee’s Form MI-W4 and filing status, so it cannot be estimated from gross pay alone.
Payroll tax rates & the nexus question
Michigan runs two state payroll taxes. The table below is the whole state layer for 2026.[5]
The state payroll taxes
| Tax | Paid by | 2026 rate | Wage base |
|---|---|---|---|
| UI | Employer | 0.06%; 2.70% new | $9,000 |
| Income tax withholding | Employee | 4.25% flat | No limit |
Michigan has no lettered rate schedule. An experienced employer’s rate is the sum of a chargeable benefits component, an account building component and a nonchargeable benefits component that is 1.0% for most contributing employers and as low as 0.06% for employers with a long record of no benefit charges. New employers pay 2.7% for their first two years, except certain construction employers who receive the average construction contractor rate, which the agency has recently put between 5.3 and 8.1%.[5]
Supplemental wages have their own rate. Bonuses, commissions and other supplemental payments are withheld at 4.25% when paid separately from regular wages. That is a state rate only; federal supplemental withholding is a separate 22% layer.[1]
Who has to register
Paying $1,000 or more in wages in a calendar year, or employing at least one worker in 20 different weeks in a calendar year. Agricultural employers become liable at $20,000 of cash payroll in a calendar quarter or 10 agricultural workers in each of 20 different weeks, and household employers at $1,000 of cash wages in a calendar quarter. Acquiring 75% or more of the assets of an existing Michigan employer also creates liability.[5] Income tax withholding is administered separately by Michigan Department of Treasury, so most employers end up with two state account numbers, not one.
Multistate and remote employees
When an employee works in more than one state, the four-part test below decides which state the wages are reported to. The tests run in order: you stop at the first one that gives an answer.
- 1. Localisation of service→
- 2. Base of operations→
- 3. Place of direction & control→
- 4. Employee’s residence
One remote employee is usually enough. A single person working from home in Michigan generally creates an obligation to register and report wages here, even if the business has no office, property or customers in the state.
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Ask a Payroll SpecialistRegistration & return filing
Registration is online and free. The unemployment account and, where one exists, the withholding account are opened separately and carry different numbers.[5]
How to register
- Cross the wage threshold→
- MiUI→
- Receive account number→
- annual tax rate determination issued by the UIA in December→
- File & deposit online
Paying $1,000 or more in wages in a calendar year, or employing at least one worker in 20 different weeks in a calendar year. Agricultural employers become liable at $20,000 of cash payroll in a calendar quarter or 10 agricultural workers in each of 20 different weeks, and household employers at $1,000 of cash wages in a calendar quarter. Acquiring 75% or more of the assets of an existing Michigan employer also creates liability.[5]
Deposit schedule
Treasury assigns monthly, quarterly or annual filing and reviews that assignment each year. Monthly and quarterly returns and payments are due on the 20th day of the month following the period, and annual filers are due February 28. Employers placed on accelerated electronic funds transfer pay on the same day as their federal deposit regardless of the amount due.[1]
Returns, reports & due dates
| Form | What it is | Due |
|---|---|---|
| Employer’s Quarterly Wage and Tax Report, filed in MiUI | Quarterly unemployment return | April 25, July 25, October 25, January 25 |
| Form 5080 for monthly and quarterly periods, Form 5081 for the annual return, and Form… | Income tax withholding returns | Treasury assigns monthly, quarterly or annual filing and reviews that |
| Annual reconciliation | Year-end withholding reconciliation | February 28 |
| Form 941 | Federal quarterly return | Last day of the month after quarter end |
| Form 940 | Federal unemployment, annual | January 31 |
| New hire report | Report of newly hired employees | Within 20 days of start date |
Quarterly unemployment returns are due April 25, July 25, October 25, January 25. A return filed one day late is delinquent, and in most states the penalty attaches to the return, not the payment.[5]
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Subject wages vs. exempt payments
Not every dollar an employee receives is a taxable wage. The split below governs what goes into the unemployment wage base and what is reported at year end.[5]
Subject wages
- Salaries, hourly pay, overtime and piece rates
- Commissions, bonuses and incentive pay
- Most cash tips reported by the employee
- Vacation, holiday and paid sick leave when taken as wages
- Severance and payments in lieu of notice
- The cash value of meals and lodging provided as compensation
- Employer contributions to a non-qualified deferred compensation plan
Not subject
- Reimbursements of genuine business expenses under an accountable plan
- Employer contributions to a qualified retirement plan
- Employer-paid premiums for accident and health insurance
- Most third-party sick pay after the sixth calendar month
- Payments to a genuine independent contractor
- Workers compensation benefits
The wage base is per employer, per year, not per job. If you hire someone in August who already earned $9,000 elsewhere, your unemployment clock still starts at zero. The one exception is a successor employer taking over an existing payroll, who inherits the wages already paid.
Glossary of key terms
- Taxable wage base
- The slice of each employee’s annual pay that unemployment tax is calculated on. In Michigan that is $9,000 for 2026. Earnings above it are still wages, they are simply no longer taxed for unemployment.
- Experience rating
- The method Michigan Unemployment Insurance Agency uses to set each employer’s own unemployment rate from its history of claims. Employers with fewer charged claims move down the schedule; those with more move up.
- New employer rate
- The rate assigned before an employer has enough history to be experience rated. It normally applies for two to three years, then the account moves onto the experience schedule.
- Form MI-W4
- The state withholding certificate. It sets how much income tax comes out of each cheque and is filed with the employer, not with Michigan Department of Treasury.
- Reserve account
- The running balance of contributions an employer has paid in, less the benefits charged against it. The ratio of that balance to taxable payroll is what drives the assigned rate.
- Successor employer
- A business that acquires another’s payroll may inherit both its experience rate and the wages already paid toward the wage base for the year. Getting this wrong is a common acquisition error.
- Localisation of service
- The first of four tests deciding which state a multistate employee’s wages are reported to. If substantially all the work is in one state, that state wins and the remaining tests are never reached.
- FUTA credit reduction
- A reduction in the 5.4% federal unemployment credit applied to states that have carried an outstanding federal loan for two or more consecutive Januaries. It raises the effective FUTA rate and is settled each November.
- Supplemental wages
- Bonuses, commissions, awards and similar payments made outside the regular payroll cycle. Many states set a separate flat withholding rate for them.
- Local withholding
- Income or occupational tax levied by a city, county or school district and withheld by the employer alongside state tax. It is assessed separately from the state layer.
Michigan payroll tax, layer by layer
Federal tax applies everywhere and is the larger number. The state layer is what changes when you cross a border.
Layer 1: Federal
| Tax | Rate | 2026 base |
|---|---|---|
| Social Security | 6.2% each side | $184,500 |
| Medicare | 1.45% each side | No limit |
| Additional Medicare | 0.9% employee only | Over $200,000 |
| FUTA, standard | 0.6% net | $7,000 |
| Federal income tax | Per Form W-4 | No limit |
Michigan has no FUTA credit reduction for 2026, so the standard 0.6% net rate applies, $42 per employee. The final list is not published until 10 November 2026.[14]
Layer 2: State
| Tax | Rate | 2026 base |
|---|---|---|
| UI, new employer | 2.70% | $9,000 |
| UI, experienced | 0.06% | $9,000 |
| Income tax, standard | 4.25% flat | No limit |
| Income tax, supplemental | 4.25% | No limit |
Layer 3, county & city: a real third layer
More than twenty Michigan cities levy their own income tax and the employer withholds it, based on where the employee lives and where the work is performed. Detroit is the largest: for 2026 the rate is 2.4% on residents and 1.2% on non-residents, with each exemption worth $600 a year, claimed on the Detroit Form DW-4 (Form 5527). Detroit withholding is filed with the state on Form 5323 by the 15th of the following month, and the annual reconciliation on Form 5321 is due February 28. Treasury administers Detroit today and begins processing City of Flint returns on January 1, 2027 for tax year 2026 and later; the remaining cities administer their own tax.[7]
The state minimum wage is $13.73 an hour, effective 2026-01-01. The tipped cash wage is $5.49. No local ordinance sets a higher floor. The state rate applies across Michigan and no Michigan city publishes its own minimum wage. Workers aged 16 and 17 may be paid $11.67, which is 85% of the full rate, and a 4.25 dollar training wage applies to newly hired workers under 20 for their first 90 calendar days. Rises to $15.00 on January 1, 2027, then adjusts annually by a set formula.[6]
Overtime exemption is a separate test. A salaried employee is exempt from overtime only above $35,568 a year ($684.00 a week) federal FLSA, and only if the duties test is also met. Paying a salary is not by itself enough.[13]
Michigan payroll FAQs
Michigan withholds a flat 4.25% from wages. The 2026 personal exemption is $5,900 a year for each exemption an employee claims on Form MI-W4. Bonuses and other compensation paid separately from regular payroll are also withheld at 4.25%, with no exemption allowance applied.
New employers are assigned 2.7% for their first two years on the first $9,000 of each employee’s wages, a maximum of $243 per employee per year. Certain construction employers instead receive the average construction contractor rate, which the UIA has recently put between 5.3 and 8.1%. After that, rates are experience rated from three components.
Detroit residents are withheld at 2.4% on all wages, wherever they work. Non-residents are withheld at 1.2%, but only on wages for work actually performed inside the city. Have every affected employee file the Detroit Form DW-4 so you have their residence and predominant place of employment on file.
Quarterly wage and tax reports are due April 25, July 25, October 25 and January 25, which is earlier than most states. They are filed in MiUI, the platform that replaced MiWAM in February 2026. A missing report carries a 55 dollar penalty.
No. Michigan has no state disability insurance, no paid family and medical leave premium and no employee share of unemployment tax. The only state level deductions are income tax withholding and, where it applies, city income tax.
The Michigan minimum wage is $13.73 an hour from January 1, 2026. Tipped employees may be paid a 5.49 dollar cash wage, 40% of the full rate, but only where tips bring them at least $8.24 more per hour. The full rate rises to $15.00 on January 1, 2027.
$9,000 per employee per calendar year. Once an employee reaches that in wages from you, no further unemployment tax is due on that employee for the rest of the year. The count restarts on 1 January and does not carry over from a previous employer.
$13.73 an hour. No local ordinance sets a higher rate. The tipped cash wage is $5.49.
April 25, July 25, October 25, January 25. A return is delinquent the day after the deadline even if the tax itself was paid on time, so file the return whether or not you can pay.
Sources & methodology
- Michigan Department of Treasury – 446 (Rev. 02-26) 2026 Michigan Income Tax Withholding Guide
- Michigan Department of Treasury – Withholding Tax
- Michigan Unemployment Insurance Agency – Unemployment Tax Rate
- Michigan Unemployment Insurance Agency – Taxable Wage Base, employer FAQs
- Michigan Unemployment Insurance Agency – Tax Rates and Liability, employer FAQs
- Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity – Michigan’s Minimum Wage Set to Increase on Jan. 1, 2026
- Michigan Department of Treasury – 5469, 2026 City of Detroit Income Tax Withholding Guide
- Michigan Department of Treasury – City Tax
- Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity – UIA offers online employer seminars about filing quarterly wage reports, making payments in MiUI
- Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity – Unemployment weekly benefit rate increases Jan. 1, 2026
- Michigan Unemployment Insurance Agency – Michigan Employer Liability Toolkit
- US Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division – State Minimum Wage Laws
- US Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division – Fact Sheet 17A: Exemption for Executive, Administrative, Professional, Computer and Outside Sales Employees
- US Department of Labor, Federal Register – Notice of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) Credit Reductions Applicable for 2025
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